30 October 2001
Copyright © 2001 World Expertise LLC – All rights
reserved
A periodic electronic newsletter for engineering education leaders,
edited by Russel C. Jones, PhD., P.E.
A British agency set up to review university programs, the
Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, has been heavily criticized by
educational institutions there, according to an article in the Chronicle of
Higher Education by David Cohen. Created in 1997, the QAA has a goal of
reviewing the quality of colleges and individual departments – as an outside,
independent government body. University officials have complained about the
bureaucratic burden placed on them by the agency in terms of time, paperwork,
and manpower demands required of those being inspected. They also complain that
the highly centralized team of inspectors of QAA takes no account of the
different types of institutions. Criticism of the agency and efforts to curb its
power have reached such a pitch that it’s
chief executive resigned in August. See http://chronicle.com/weekly/v48/i09/09a04001.htm
The European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI)
conducted a workshop in Paris in early October on the impact of the Bologna
Declaration on Engineering Education. Introductory presentations outlined the
general context of the Bologna Declaration and its implementation towards
engineering education. Then three workshops were conducted: facilitating the
mutual recognition of diplomas; facilitating the mobility of engineering
students in the European area; and encouraging cooperation between engineering
education institutions. The workshop program, speeches, and conclusions are
available at http://www.sefi.be
The Central European University, a graduate institution in
Budapest created 10 years ago by Hungarian-born philanthropist George Soros, is
receiving an additional $250-million endowment from him. According to an article
in the Chronicle by Burton Bollag, the gift is the largest ever to a
European institution of higher learning. In announcing the gift, Soros said that
there was an urgent need for a permanent institution to educate new generations
of leaders to guide the emerging democracies of the world. In addition to the
newly pledged $250-million, Soros has spent an equal amount running the
university for the last 10 years. See http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001101506n.htm
The US Department of Education is supporting two projects
to benefit Pacific Rim countries in the use of technology in education,
according to an article by Dan Carnevale in the Chronicle. One project is
to create an online bank of ‘best practices’ information for using
technology in education. The other is to support a program that will help
educators use the Internet to teach students a second language, with initial
emphasis on English, Chinese, and Spanish. The US Education Department will
spend $600,000 on the projects, with the remainder of the $2-million total cost
expected to come from other APEC countries and computer companies. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001102501u.htm
Russian nuclear scientists may soon find themselves writing
commercial software in an effort to keep their weapons expertise from falling
into the wrong hands, according to an article by Robert Koenig in the 12 October
2001 issue of Science. The arrangement, to be funded by a $500,000 grant
from the US Department of Energy’s Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention
program, may herald other initiatives aimed at blocking weapons proliferation in
the wake of the 11 September terrorist attacks. A partnership of Russian and US
companies will take the lead in retraining the scientists. See http://www.sciencemag.org
Overseas workers are being employed by US institutions to
help put texts online, according to an article in the Chronicle by
Elizabeth Farrell and Florence Olsen. Large digitizing projects by libraries in
the US have saved substantial money by using companies that subcontract the bulk
of their labor-intensive work to vendors in countries such as Barbados, India
and Mexico. The work involves using scanning devices and optical character
recognition software, then checking texts against originals to correct errors.
Most librarians support sending digitizing jobs overseas because it lowers their
costs and thus allows them to put more scholarly texts on line. But some critics
are concerned that the same fair labor issues that have confronted overseas
apparel manufacturers may be of concern here too. See http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i09/09a03501.htm
Emigration of academics from African universities is one of
the greatest obstacles to the continent’s development, according to a report
prepared to help plan the World Summit on Sustainable Development in
Johannesburg in September 2002. As reported in the Chronicle by Wachira
Kigotho, the report states that Africa has lost one-third of its skilled
professionals in recent decades. About 23,000 qualified academic professionals
leave the continent each year, with Egypt, Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, and South
Africa losing the most. That brain drain has strangled and delayed economic
growth and nurtured poverty. Some professors leave due to persecution because of
their views, while others leave because of lack of support for them and for
their institutions. See http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2110102406n.htm
The editor of this Digest has just returned from East
Africa, where he served as a resource person to a regional meeting designed to
assist local engineering educators in improving their education and research
programs. The regional meeting, held in Tanzania and sponsored by the research
arm of the Swedish international development agency – Sida/SAREC, included
engineering school leaders and faculty from Mozambique, Uganda, and Zimbabwe as
well as from the host country of Tanzania. The three-day meeting focused on
developing cooperative research among the engineering schools in the region,
with the promise that substantial funding will be provided by Sida/SAREC. Such
research will assist the engineering schools in the region in developing and
sustaining their own graduate programs, lessening the need to send students
abroad for graduate education.
As part of the war on terrorism, legislation giving
authorities more power to view student’s personal records has worked its way
through Congress. According to articles in the Chronicle by Sara Hebel
and Ron Southwick, college lobbyists have succeeded in getting earlier draft
legislation modified to better protect student privacy rights. The new
provisions limit those who can request confidential student records, require
those officials to get a judge’s permission to view the records, and add legal
protections for institutions who turn over the records. See http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001101202n.htm
and http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001101502n.htm
Congress has enacted, and the President has signed, the
‘Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to
Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001’. A summary of the provisions of
that Act that impact higher education has been prepared for the American Council
on Education by the law firm of Hogan and Hartson LLP. Provisions of the Act
amend earlier privacy of student records legislation, call for more monitoring
of foreign students, require selected disclosure of electronic communications
and records, allow Internet and other electronic surveillance, and provide
penalties for mishandling of biological agents and toxins. The Hogan and Hartson
summary can be viewed at the ACE web site: http://www.acenet.edu/washington/anti_terror/2001/2001_anti_terror.pdf
Dissenters on US college campuses are finding less
tolerance of discord following the 11 September terrorist attacks, according to
an article in the 30 October 2001 Washington Post by Michael Fletcher. A
growing number of professors and other college staff members
are facing censure for making controversial comments or taking visibly
symbolic positions in either strong support or opposition to US policy in the
sensitive atmosphere that has prevailed since the attacks. The tradeoffs between
academic freedom, the role of faculty in stimulating broad student discussion,
and appropriate classroom comportment are being stressed. See http://www.washingtonpost.com
President Bush has announced his choice for the Department
of Education’s top higher education policymaking post, according to an article
by Stephen Burd in the Chronicle. Sally Stroup, a former Republican
Congressional aide with expertise in financial aid for students, has been
selected to be the department’s assistant secretary for postsecondary
education. Ms. Stroup, currently the chief Washington lobbyist for the
University of Phoenix, has been hailed by higher education officials as having
the right background and analytical skills to do the job. See http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001101702n.htm
The National Science Foundation has appointed a new Acting
Director for the Engineering Directorate, as of 15 September 2001. Dr. Esin
Gulari was formerly head of the Engineering Directorate’s Chemical and
Transport Systems Division, and previously served as Department Chair of
Chemical Engineering at Wayne State University. Dr Gulari earned her Ph.D. from
Purdue University in 1966. The previous acting director of the Engineering
Directorate, Dr. Louis Martin-Vega, has moved to the University of South Florida
as Dean of Engineering. See “ASEE Action” electronic newsletter, November
2001.
House Science Chairman Boehlert has announced that he will
introduce a cyber-terrorism bill aimed at improving government coordination,
redirecting research and development lines, and determining how much spending is
needed. Boehlert has asked National Academy of Engineering President William
Wulf to lead a group of academic and private sector experts to give advice on
computer security and needed R&D funding levels. Wulf recently appeared
before the Science Committee, testifying that long-term research and development
on computer security is sorely lacking. For more information see http://www.house.gov/science/press/107pr/107-96.htm
A ‘Tech Talent Bill’ originally scheduled for
introduction on 11 September has now been introduced in both the House and the
Senate. The bill aims to address the need for more science, engineering and
technology program graduates through a competitive grant program at the National
Science Foundation. It is intended to reward colleges and universities, which
pledge to increase the number of US citizens and permanent residents obtaining
degrees in science, mathematics, engineering and technology fields. The pilot
program would award three-year grants, with initial funding of $25-million in FY
2002. See “ASEE Action” electronic newsletter, November 2001.
Cal Tech will receive $600-million from Gordon Moore,
co-founder of the Intel Corporation, and his wife. According to an article in
the 29 October 2001 Wall Street Journal by David Bank, the donation is
the largest ever given to a university. Half of the funds will be contributed by
the Moores directly, with no restrictions placed on their use. The other half
will flow from a new foundation established by the Moores, with direction that
the funds be utilized to support improvements in science education for minority
students and instruction in information technology, among other initiatives. See
http://www.wsj.com
The University of Ulster has created an online portal that
makes all of its e-learning courses broadly available, according to a note by
Doug Payne in the Chronicle. The portal, called Campus One, was developed
in association with academic partners in the US and in Hong Kong. The program
currently has 1100 students enrolled, and it hopes to add at least 1000 US
students in the near future – starting with nursing and allied-health
students. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001102301u.htm
The Chinese government is offering to sell a software
package for online education that was developed by Hunan University, according
to a note in the Chronicle by Jen Lin-Liu. The multimedia software
package was created for China’s first online university project in 1998, and
is now being used by as many as 45 universities in China, serving more than
50,000 students. Asking price for the software package is $9.67-million. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001101501u.htm
Cornell University’s for profit distance education
company, eCornell, is ramping up for a November 1st grand opening of
its online courses – initially from the School of Industrial and Labor
Relations. First offerings will be six courses in a program leading to a
certificate in human resources management. Expectations for profit are high,
because initial offerings are in a niche where the School currently earns
$20-millon annually in certification courses. The eCornell efforts will
concentrate on noncredit courses for the next few years and the program will
then decide whether to also supply for-credit courses. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001101601u.htm
Major telecourse providers in the US have announced that they plan to deliver some of their course videos over the Internet starting in January 2002, according to an article by Jeffrey Young in the Chronicle. The streaming-telecourse project will involve three non-profit groups that produce documentary type telecourses: Coast Learning Systems, Dallas TeleLearning, and Intelecom. The groups plan to have 31 telecourses ready to offer online by January, in time for the spring semester. Students will need broadband Internet connections (cable modems, DSL or high-speed corporate or academic networks) to view the courses; dial-up modems are not fast enough to handle the high-resolution video. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001101201u.htm
Colleges are struggling to provide network bandwidth
demanded by faculty and students, according to an article in the Chronicle by
Florence Olsen. Campus computing officials see demand rising sharply with no end
in sight. Some colleges have sufficient current bandwidth on their campus
networks to allow students to download such items as 20-megabyte lecture videos.
Bandwidth consumption in dormitories has become an expensive problem on some
campuses, prompting some institutions to consider ways to charge students for
what administrators consider excessive use of the network. Some administrators
whose systems have a top speed 1-gigabit Ethernet today see that a year from now
they will be expected to provide the next standard – a 10-gigabit Ethernet.
See http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i10/10a04301.htm.
Also see a companion article by Michael Arnone on how colleges are trying to
keep bandwidth costs under control, at http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i10/10a04601.htm
The National Science Foundation has awarded high
performance network connections to 22 additional institutions, bringing to 221
the number of institutions with NSF awarded connections to high-speed networks.
According to a note in the Chronicle by
Michael Blasenstein, the awards average $150,000 each, and will be matched by
funds from the institutions. See http://chronicle.com/free/2110/10/2001102302t.htm
for a list of the new institutions. For more information on the advanced
networking efforts of NSF see http://www.cise.nsf.gov/anir/
The three top
providers of course-management software – Blackboard, eCollege, and WebCT –
will see their first profits next year, according to a note in the Chronicle
by Michael Arnone. Consolidation in the industry – where many
companies have either merged or folded completely – has led to profitability
for a few top companies that have a critical mass of market share. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001102401u.htm
Colleges are
experimenting with routing on-campus calls over the Internet, according to an
article by Florence Olsen in the Chronicle.
Bandwidth demands for phone calls
are not high, but colleges do worry about downtime – where they would lose
both e-mail and phone service if the IP network goes down. At institutions that
offer IP phone service, it usually is confined to the campus. Phone service is
different from file sharing and web surfing, which are not time sensitive;
delayed or missing packets of information degrade the sound quality. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001102301t.htm
The November 2001 issue of ASEE
Prism includes a major article by Nancy Shute on the
MIT effort at opening its courses up to the world by posting them on a web site.
The ‘OpenCourseWare’ experiment in education will make its course
information available to engineering educators and engineers around the world.
It is not distance education, so people will not be able to take courses or earn
MIT degrees over the Internet. The first materials will go online in a year,
with the entire project estimated to take a decade. See http://www.asee.org/prism
Also in the November 2001 issue of ASEE Prism is
an interesting article by Margaret Mannix on dual-career academic couples. The
dilemma of dual-career couples has grown in recent years – where one spouse
gets a job offer at a distant institution, but the other does not. Fortunately,
a growing number of colleges are addressing the dual-career couple issue. In a recent survey, 80% of colleges said that
they would do something to assist a new hire’s spouse or partner in finding
employment. About a quarter of the 360 deans surveyed said that their
institutions had a written policy on the matter. Academic institutions have
become more sensitive to this issue through enlightened self-interest – the
stimulus being recruitment and retention of the best faculty. See http://www.asee.org/prism
More colleges are offering orientation programs for new department
chairs, according to an article by Piper Fogg in the Chronicle.
Universities
are recognizing that in order to succeed, faculty members who are becoming
chairs need to know what they are getting into – and to be trained to cope
with the responsibilities. A chair must be a manager and a leader as well as a
scholar and teacher – and in particular must distribute resources in an
equitable and effective way. Training sessions for new chairs may cover legal
issues, budgeting, relationships with faculty members, promotion and tenure
policies, faculty evaluations, and strategies for conflict resolution. See http://chronicle.com/weekly/v48/i08/08a01001.htm
A recent study indicates that colleges have cut the percentage of
full-time faculty members, according to a note in the Chronicle
by
Piper Fogg. The study, conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics
of the US Department of Education, indicates that part-time faculty members made
up 43% of the faculties of colleges and universities in 1998 – a 1% rise from
the previous year. But over a longer period, the shift from full-time to
part-time faculty is more pronounced, with 40% of all institutions reducing the
full-time portion over the period 1993 to 1998. According to the study,
part-time faculty taught 27% of undergraduate courses during those years. See http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001101801n.htm
The academic community in the US has been undergoing dramatic changes in
its demography in recent years, according to an article in the October 2001
issue of AAHE Bulletin by Martin Finkelstein and Jack Schuster. One measure
of the change is that full one-third of full time faculty were in their first
seven years in 1992, and that in 1998 the proportion of new entrants was 22.4%.
Another measure is diversity – where the percentage of native-born white males
in full-time faculty positions has dropped from 43% in 1992 to 36% in 1998.
Another important statistic is the percentage of full-time faculty holding
‘regular’ tenure or tenure-track appointments – down from 83% in 1992 to
67% in 1998. With a substantial portion of currently employed faculty members
nearing retirement, with the pervasive growth of instructional technology, and
changing accreditation standards, dramatic changes in the faculty are expected
to continue, See http://www.aahe.org
Tuition increases at public and private colleges are the largest in
years, according to a survey reported in the Chronicle by
Andrew Brownstein. Triggered by an economic downturn that has squeezed state
support for higher education, public colleges raised tuition this year at the
highest rates since 1993. Private colleges sustained more moderate increases,
but typically further above the rate of inflation than in recent years. Private
college tuitions are up 5.5%, while public college tuitions are up 7.7% --
nearly triple the rate of inflation. At the same time, financial aid patterns
are unfavorable for students – loans constitute 58% of all student aid this
year, compared with 41% in 1980. See http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001102401n.htm
The SAT is under attack due to social, legal and demographic forces,
according to a major article in the Chronicle
by
Ben Gose and Jeffrey Selingo. Critics argue that the test discriminates against
female and minority students. They also argue that it measures intelligence, not
a mastery of learning – and as such is not a good predictor of success in
mastering a college curriculum. Many colleges are downplaying the weight that
SAT scores play in admission processes, or discarding the test entirely. At this
time, however, alternate measures are embryonic, too expensive, or lacking in
political support – so the SAT continues to thrive. The SAT test has two
parts, verbal and mathematics. Some educators feel that the SAT II test (in
writing, math, and a subject of the student’s choice) is a better predictor of
how well high school graduates will do in college. See http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i09/09a01001.htm
and a companion article on the SAT II test by Dana Mulhauser at http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001102601n.htm
Rita Colwell, director of the National Science Foundation, sees equity
and access as major technology issues, according to an interview by Dan
Carnevale in the Chronicle.
Under her leadership, NSF is focused on using
new technologies to enrich courses and update curricula – and to remove
barriers for women, minorities, and people with disabilities. NSF is developing
a National Digital Library as a national Internet-based learning tool for
students. That project links students, teachers, and faculty in virtual learning
communities – including providing databases that students can explore on their
own. NSF tries to be a paradigm setter, developing models which schools can
scale up. See http://chronicle.com/free/2001/10/2001101901t.htm
A study of New England colleges finds no lowering of standards to
increase minority enrollments, according to an article in the Chronicle
by
Peter Schmidt. A report commissioned by the Nellie Mae Educational Foundation
says that its findings lend support to the use of affirmative action in college
admissions in two ways: they debunk the perception that colleges lower the bar
in admitting minority students to diversify campus enrollments, and they show
that colleges that admit minority students at higher rates than similarly
qualified white students are not alone in such efforts. The evidence shows that
colleges in New England have a commitment to enroll diverse student bodies, and
that they are not lowering their standards to meet those goals. See
http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001101603n.htm
Female college presidents earn less and face more challenges that male
peers, according to a report described by Julianne Basinger in the Chronicle.
The
report by the American Council on Education states that women presidents face
boards unaccustomed to dealing with women in power, and community expectations
for presidential spouses, that men in such jobs do not face. Nearly 20% of the
nation’s college presidents are women, with their numbers having doubled in
the past decade. Still problems persist – often starting in the search
process, where a board generally has a women in the finalist pool, but often
passes her over in the final cut. If a woman is hired, members of boards and
communities must think about issues regarding gender that they have not had to
consider before. See http://chronicle.com/daily/2001/10/2001102902n.htm
. Copies of the report are available for $15 by calling (202) 939 – 9390.
The September 2001 issue of the European Journal of Engineering
Education contains several papers on Recognition and Accreditation of Higher
Engineering Education, in a section edited by Giuliano Augusti. Papers describe
accreditation systems in Europe, in Canada, in Turkey and in Japan. The issue
also contains several unrelated papers. See http://www.tandf.co.uk
The Fall 2001 issue of Issues
in Science and Technology features
a section on “What’s New About the New Economy”. Papers on that theme
cover US economic growth in the information age, talent and US competitiveness,
and the Advanced Technology Program. There are also several unrelated papers,
including one on striking a new deal on climate change. See http://www.nap.edu/issues
The November 2001 issue of World
Press Review is
devoted entirely to “After September 11: A New Worldview”. It contains some
40 press clippings on the events of September 11th from newspapers
around the world, providing initial reactions from a variety of political
positions. The issue also contains some 30 ‘Reflections on a Day of Terror’
from newspapers around the world, providing more thoughtful perspectives after
the initial shock of the events of September 11th had sunk in. See http://www.worldpress.org
From the Chronicle
of Higher Education:
Ø
California State University at Northridge, Dean of Engineering and
Computer Science, 10/12/01
Ø
San Diego State University, Dean of Engineering, 10/16/01
Ø
Georgia Institute of Technology, Dean of Engineering, 10/22/01
Ø
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Head, Department of
Civil Engineering, 10/26/01
Ø
Northern Illinois University, Chair, Electrical Engineering, 10/12/01
Ø
Bucknell University, Dean of Engineering, 10/12/01
Ø
Pennsylvania State University at University Park, Department Head, Civil
and Environmental Engineering, 10/19/01
Ø
University of Virginia, Department Head, Civil Engineering, 10/16/01
Ø
University of Maine System, Chancellor, 10/12/01
Ø
University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Chancellor, 10/5/01
Ø
Adelaide University, Australia, Vice Chancellor and President, 10/12/01
Ø
Florida Institute of Technology, President, 10/2/01
Ø
University of Louisiana at Monroe, President, 9/14/01
Ø
CUNY Queens College, President, 10/12/01
Ø
DeVry Institute of Technology, President, 10/12/01
Ø
Texas A&M University at Kingsville, President, 10/12/01
Ø
Washington and Lee University, President, 10/5/01
Ø
Arkansas Technical University, VPAA, 10/19/01
Ø
University of Maryland at College Park, VP Research and Dean of the
Graduate School, 10/19/01
Ø
University of Massachusetts at Boston, Provost and Vice Chancellor for
Academic Affairs, 10/26/01
Ø
University of Nebraska, Executive VP and Provost, 10/12/01
Ø
Temple University, VP for Research and Dean of the Graduate School,
10/19/01
Ø
Marquette University, Provost, 10/23/01
Ø
University of Wisconsin at Superior, Provost and Vice Chancellor for
Academic Affairs, 10/19/01
From the November 2001 issue of ASEE Prism:
Ø
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Head, Department of
Civil Engineering
Ø
Loyola Marymount University, Chair, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ø
University of Idaho, Chair, Department of Civil Engineering
Ø
Montana State University, Bozeman, Head, Department of Civil Engineering
Ø
Rochester Institute of Technology, Dean, College of Computing and
Information Sciences
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